fix: Stop polling an action attempt once the timeout passes

[razor-x]

What

Rewrites poll_until_ready / poll_until_ready_async around a monotonic deadline (SDK audit finding H2; ports the JS #1004 / PHP #465 fix):

• Validate options up front: timeout < 0 and polling_interval <= 0 (including NaN) raise SeamInvalidOptionsError with the same messages as the JS SDK, instead of looping forever or leaking a ValueError out of time.sleep.
• Deadline instead of an accumulator: the old loop advanced its clock only by polling_interval, so polling_interval=0 never timed out (audit reproduced 1,915 unthrottled polls in 3s) and HTTP round-trip time was excluded entirely — a "5 second" timeout could block for minutes.
• Sleep-then-check with min(polling_interval, remaining): the wait no longer overruns its timeout by a full interval (timeout=0.5, polling_interval=5 previously slept 5s), and it always polls at least once even when timeout < polling_interval.
• Check the attempt already in hand first: resolve_action_attempt now seeds the poll with the attempt it just received, so an already-resolved attempt no longer costs an extra /action_attempts/get round trip (same as JS/PHP).

Both the sync and async variants carried identical bugs; both are fixed identically.

Testing

New tests (sync + async, pinned messages): zero and negative polling_interval raise, negative timeout raises, a timeout < polling_interval wait still polls exactly once (request-count asserted via a recording server) and finishes near the deadline. The existing interval-overrun test now asserts elapsed time, which it previously did not.

Verified per the audit-fix recipe: with seam/modules/action_attempts.py reverted to main, the new tests fail with the audit's exact symptoms (5s sleep on a 0.5s timeout; a negative timeout surfacing as SeamActionAttemptTimeoutError: Timed out ... after -1s).

Full suite: 191 passed. mypy, pylint (10.00), black all clean.

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https://claude.ai/code/session_01Y1RzepycXEYA3LStfjt8cY

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