src: print exception thrown during primordial initialization

[joyeecheung]

Otherwise there's little information for debugging if the initialization fails due to a bug in local development. This should generally only happen during the build process, when the snapshot is built.

Before, when adding a statement to the primordial initialization script to break it, it only prints:

#
# Fatal error in v8::ToLocalChecked
# Empty MaybeLocal
#

After, it prints:

node:internal/per_context/primordials:12
-foo;
^

ReferenceError: foo is not defined
    at node:internal/per_context/primordials:12:1

ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/realm
• @nodejs/startup

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 89.99%. Comparing base (fd6682c) to head (19d7853).
⚠️ Report is 32 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #65991      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   90.16%   89.99%   -0.17%     
==========================================
  Files         771      784      +13     
  Lines      265445   268370    +2925     
  Branches    50455    51117     +662     
==========================================
+ Hits       239329   241514    +2185     
- Misses      17056    17389     +333     
- Partials     9060     9467     +407     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/node_realm.cc	70.83% <100.00%> (-5.22%)	⬇️

... and 79 files with indirect coverage changes

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:

• ❄️ Test Analytics: Detect flaky tests, report on failures, and find test suite problems.
• 📦 JS Bundle Analysis: Save yourself from yourself by tracking and limiting bundle sizes in JS merges.