📊 Sorting Algorithms Visualizer & Benchmark

A full-stack Python and Web application designed to visualize, benchmark, and compare 13 sorting algorithms in real time.

📋 Summary

• Technologies
• Features
• Implemented Algorithms
  • Quadratic Algorithms - O(n²)
  • Logarithmic / Divide & Conquer Algorithms - O(n log n)
  • Non-Comparison / Linear Algorithms - O(n + k)
• Repository Structure
• How to Run
• Future Improvements

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🛠 Technologies

• Backend: Python 3.x, Flask (REST API)
• Visualization: Pygame (Generator-driven animations)
• Frontend: HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript ES6 (Fetch API, Async DOM rendering)
• Benchmarking: High-precision timing via time.perf_counter

✨ Features

• Interactive Web Interface: Custom controls for dataset size, negative numbers flag, and data distribution types (Already sorted, Reverse sorted, Totally random, Nearly sorted).
• Generator-Driven Animation: Pygame visualizer uses Python yield generators to render array state transitions, element swaps, and a completion sweep without blocking execution.
• Dynamic Web Benchmark: Executes all algorithms against identical data configurations and returns a JSON response to construct a dynamic HTML benchmark table.

📊 Implemented Algorithms

1. Quadratic Algorithms - $O(n^2)$

• I Can't Believe It Can Sort: An unusually simple quadratic exchange sort using two full nested loops.
• Bubble Sort: Repeatedly steps through the list, compares adjacent elements, and swaps out-of-order pairs.
• Selection Sort: In-place comparison algorithm that repeatedly finds the minimum element and places it at the sorted partition.
• Insertion Sort: Builds the sorted array one item at a time by inserting unsorted elements into their correct position.
• Shell Sort: An optimization of insertion sort using decreasing gap sequences to move distant elements efficiently.

2. Logarithmic / Divide & Conquer Algorithms - $O(n \log n)$

• Merge Sort: Recursively splits the array in half, sorts each half, and merges them together.
• Quick Sort: Uses a pivot element to partition the array recursively into smaller and larger sub-arrays.
• Heap Sort: Converts the list into a Max-Heap binary tree to repeatedly extract the largest element.
• Python Sort: Native C-level list.sort() (Timsort) serving as the baseline benchmark.
• Tim Sort: Hybrid sorting algorithm combining Merge Sort and Insertion Sort designed for real-world data patterns.

3. Non-Comparison / Linear Algorithms - $O(n + k)$

• Counting Sort: Non-comparison algorithm counting element frequencies to determine exact positions in linear time.
• Radix Sort: Non-comparison algorithm processing numbers digit-by-digit using counting sort as a stable subroutine.
• Bucket Sort: Distributes elements into uniform buckets, sorts each individually, and concatenates the result.

📂 Repository Structure

Sort-algorithms/
├── algorithms/                 # Pure algorithm implementations (for benchmarks)
│   ├── bubble_sort.py
│   ├── quick_sort.py
│   └── ...
├── algorithms_generator/       # Generator-based algorithm implementations (yielding steps for Pygame visualization)
│   ├── bubble_sort_generator.py
│   ├── quick_sort_generator.py
│   └── ...
├── ui/                         # Web frontend interface & Pygame graphics renderer
│   ├── index.html              # Dashboard controls & benchmark output section
│   ├── style.css               # Layout styling and UI components
│   ├── script.js               # Async Fetch API triggers and DOM manipulators
│   └── renderer.py             # Pygame canvas rendering logic (bars, swap highlights, green completion state)
├── utils/                      # Helper tools
│   └── data_generator.py       # Flexible data generation (Already sorted, Reverse sorted, Random, Nearly sorted)
├── main.py                     # Flask web server & Pygame application orchestrator
└── benchmark.py                # Performance measurement engine across all 13 algorithms

🚀 How to Run

1. Install dependencies:

   pip install flask pygame

2. Run the application:

   python main.py

3. Open in browser: Navigate to http://localhost:5000/

🔮 Future Improvements

• Support custom input distributions (already sorted, reverse sorted, totally random, nearly sorted).
• Add execution visualization and benchmark time visualization.
• Add interactive range sliders for animation speed controls.
• Implement UI loading indicators ("Waiting for response...") during benchmark execution.