diff --git a/src/core/AuthKitCore.issuer.spec.ts b/src/core/AuthKitCore.issuer.spec.ts
index 0582497..7a07677 100644
--- a/src/core/AuthKitCore.issuer.spec.ts
+++ b/src/core/AuthKitCore.issuer.spec.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,19 @@
 import { jwtVerify } from 'jose';
 import { AuthKitCore } from './AuthKitCore.js';
 
+const userAccessTokenPayload = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  sid: 'session_123',
+  auth_time: 1700000000,
+}));
+
 vi.mock('jose', async importOriginal => {
   const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import('jose')>();
   return {
     ...actual,
-    jwtVerify: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ payload: {}, protectedHeader: {} }),
+    jwtVerify: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      payload: userAccessTokenPayload,
+      protectedHeader: {},
+    }),
   };
 });
 
@@ -95,3 +103,24 @@ describe('AuthKitCore.verifyToken() issuer validation', () => {
     await expect(core.verifyToken('some.jwt.token')).resolves.toBe(false);
   });
 });
+
+describe('AuthKitCore.verifyToken() token claims', () => {
+  it.each([
+    ['sub_profile user', { sub_profile: 'user' }, true],
+    ['agent sub_profile', { sub_profile: 'ai_agent' }, false],
+    ['widget sub_type', { sub_type: 'authkit' }, false],
+    ['missing auth_time', { auth_time: undefined }, false],
+    ['string auth_time', { auth_time: '1700000000' }, false],
+    ['missing sid', { sid: undefined }, false],
+    ['numeric sid', { sid: 123 }, false],
+  ])('%s', async (_name, claims, expected) => {
+    vi.mocked(jwtVerify).mockResolvedValueOnce({
+      payload: { ...userAccessTokenPayload, ...claims },
+      protectedHeader: { alg: 'RS256' },
+    } as any);
+
+    await expect(
+      createCore(baseConfig).verifyToken('some.jwt.token'),
+    ).resolves.toBe(expected);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/core/AuthKitCore.ts b/src/core/AuthKitCore.ts
index db6f09d..a4cdba0 100644
--- a/src/core/AuthKitCore.ts
+++ b/src/core/AuthKitCore.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,12 @@ import {
   type User,
   type WorkOS,
 } from '@workos-inc/node';
-import { createRemoteJWKSet, decodeJwt, jwtVerify } from 'jose';
+import {
+  createRemoteJWKSet,
+  decodeJwt,
+  jwtVerify,
+  type JWTPayload,
+} from 'jose';
 import { constantTimeEqual, once } from '../utils.js';
 import type { AuthKitConfig } from './config/types.js';
 import {
@@ -81,12 +86,12 @@ export class AuthKitCore {
   async verifyToken(token: string): Promise<boolean> {
     const issuer = this.config.issuer;
     try {
-      await jwtVerify(
+      const { payload } = await jwtVerify(
         token,
         this.getPublicKey(),
         issuer ? { issuer } : undefined,
       );
-      return true;
+      return isUserAccessTokenPayload(payload);
     } catch {
       return false;
     }
@@ -379,3 +384,14 @@ export class AuthKitCore {
     };
   }
 }
+
+// Other token types signed by the same environment key (agent and widget
+// tokens) must not authenticate a session cookie.
+function isUserAccessTokenPayload(payload: JWTPayload): boolean {
+  return (
+    typeof payload.sid === 'string' &&
+    typeof payload.auth_time === 'number' &&
+    (payload.sub_profile === undefined || payload.sub_profile === 'user') &&
+    payload.sub_type === undefined
+  );
+}
diff --git a/src/service/publicClient.spec.ts b/src/service/publicClient.spec.ts
index 2229c94..ab3efd4 100644
--- a/src/service/publicClient.spec.ts
+++ b/src/service/publicClient.spec.ts
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ function cookiePair(setCookie: string | string[] | undefined) {
 const signingKey = generateKeyPair('RS256');
 async function signAccessToken(expiresAt: number) {
   const { privateKey } = await signingKey;
-  return new SignJWT({ sid: 'session_123' })
+  return new SignJWT({ sid: 'session_123', auth_time: expiresAt - 300 })
     .setProtectedHeader({ alg: 'RS256', kid: 'key_1' })
     .setIssuedAt(expiresAt - 300)
     .setExpirationTime(expiresAt)
@@ -246,6 +246,20 @@ describe.each([
       refresh_token: 'refresh_1',
     });
     expectClientCredentials(authenticateCalls[0]!);
+
+    // The refreshed session authenticates without another refresh.
+    const { headers: refreshedHeaders } = await service.saveSession(
+      undefined,
+      refreshedSessionData!,
+    );
+    const next = await service.withAuth(
+      new Request('http://localhost:3000/', {
+        headers: { cookie: cookiePair(refreshedHeaders?.['Set-Cookie']) },
+      }),
+    );
+    expect(next.auth.user?.id).toBe('user_123');
+    expect(next.refreshedSessionData).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(authenticateCalls).toHaveLength(1);
   });
 
   it.runIf(!apiKey)(