diff --git a/apps/server/src/mcp/McpHttpServer.test.ts b/apps/server/src/mcp/McpHttpServer.test.ts
index fa2880f9c364..4c38a66dd11d 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/mcp/McpHttpServer.test.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/mcp/McpHttpServer.test.ts
@@ -257,7 +257,13 @@ it.effect("registers annotated tools and preserves authenticated request context
           Effect.provideService(McpSchema.McpServerClient, client),
         );
       expect(snapshot.isError).toBe(false);
-      expect(snapshot.content.some((content) => content.type === "image")).toBe(true);
+      // Regression #11295: inline image content was removed from snapshot
+      // results because full-resolution base64 PNGs in tool history brick
+      // sessions when providers reject inline images.
+      expect(snapshot.content.some((content) => content.type === "image")).toBe(false);
+      expect(snapshot.content).toEqual([
+        { type: "text", text: expect.any(String) },
+      ]);
       expect(snapshot.structuredContent).toMatchObject({
         screenshot: { mimeType: "image/png", width: 10, height: 5 },
       });
diff --git a/apps/server/src/mcp/McpHttpServer.ts b/apps/server/src/mcp/McpHttpServer.ts
index 87975a49de2c..549af65602c8 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/mcp/McpHttpServer.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/mcp/McpHttpServer.ts
@@ -182,18 +182,18 @@ const registerPreviewSnapshot = Effect.fn("McpHttpServer.registerPreviewSnapshot
                   height: screenshot.height,
                 },
               };
+              // Screenshot pixel data is deliberately excluded from the MCP
+              // tool result. Embedding full-resolution base64 PNGs in tool
+              // history bricks sessions when providers reject inline images —
+              // the oversized payload cannot be removed from history and every
+              // subsequent turn fails. The structured content already carries
+              // screenshot dimensions and mime type for reference; the client
+              // preview renders the actual image from its own copy.
               return Effect.succeed(
                 new McpSchema.CallToolResult({
                   isError: false,
                   structuredContent: metadata,
-                  content: [
-                    { type: "text", text: JSON.stringify(metadata) },
-                    {
-                      type: "image",
-                      data: new Uint8Array(Buffer.from(screenshot.data, "base64")),
-                      mimeType: screenshot.mimeType,
-                    },
-                  ],
+                  content: [{ type: "text", text: JSON.stringify(metadata) }],
                 }),
               );
             },