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EffectiveC
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//以对象管理资源
//基类
class Investment
{...}
//程序库通过一个工厂函数产生某个特定的inverstment对象,返回指针
Investment* createInvestment();
//这导致调用者需要对这个返回的指针进行删除
void f()
{
Investment* pInv = createInvestment();
//这里中间可能过早返回,或抛出异常,则都不会执行delete,也就会发生资源泄漏
...
delete pInv;
}
//解决方法1:使用auto_ptr管理对象资源
void f()
{
//这里是RAII,获得资源后立刻放进管理对象
std::auto_ptr<Investment> pInv(createInvestment);
//auto_ptr的复制行为
std::auto_ptr<Investment> pInv2(pInv); //pInv2指向对象,pInv=null
pInv = pInv2; //pInv指向对象,pInv2=null
}//离开函数的时候,调用auto_ptr的析构函数确保资源被释放
//解决方法2:使用tr1::shared_ptr管理对象资源
void f()
{
//这里是RAII,获得资源后立刻放进管理对象
std::tr1::shared_ptr<Investment> pInv(createInvestment);
//shared_ptr的复制行为
std::tr1::shared_ptr<Investment> pInv2(pInv); //pInv2, pInv指向同一对象
pInv = pInv2; //pInv,pInv2指向同一对象
}//离开函数的时候,调用shared_ptr的析构函数确保pInv,pInv2被释放
//以下行为虽然可以通过编译器,但是会有资源泄漏,不应该使用
std::auto_ptr<std::string> aps(new std::string[10]);
std::tr1::shared_ptr<std::string> api(new int[1024]);
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