diff --git a/tests/browser-match-patterns/check.mjs b/tests/browser-match-patterns/check.mjs
index 9fe58d6..862d715 100644
--- a/tests/browser-match-patterns/check.mjs
+++ b/tests/browser-match-patterns/check.mjs
@@ -3,11 +3,12 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import {spawn} from "node:child_process";
 import {once} from "node:events";
-import {mkdir, mkdtemp, rm, writeFile} from "node:fs/promises";
+import {mkdir, mkdtemp, writeFile} from "node:fs/promises";
 import {createServer} from "node:http";
 import {tmpdir} from "node:os";
 import {join} from "node:path";
 import {createBrowserHarness, createTabFixture} from "../../dist/testing/index.js";
+import {removeBrowserTemporaryDirectory} from "./cleanup.mjs";
 import {browserSmokeError, inspectBrowser} from "./launcher.mjs";
 
 // Reject unsupported binaries before opening a server, creating a profile or waiting for extension results.
@@ -107,6 +108,7 @@ async function probe(config) {
 let browser;
 let browserExit;
 let timeout;
+let assertions = 0;
 
 try {
     server.listen(0, "127.0.0.1");
@@ -193,7 +195,6 @@ try {
     }, 30000);
 
     await finished;
-    let assertions = 0;
 
     for (const profile of profiles) {
         const result = results.get(profile.name);
@@ -226,10 +227,6 @@ try {
             assertions++;
         }
     }
-
-    console.log(
-        `Real Chromium smoke: ${assertions} harness/browser comparisons passed across ${profiles.length} permission profiles.`
-    );
 } finally {
     clearTimeout(timeout);
 
@@ -242,5 +239,9 @@ try {
 
     server.closeAllConnections();
     await new Promise(resolveClose => server.close(resolveClose));
-    await rm(temporary, {recursive: true, force: true});
+    await removeBrowserTemporaryDirectory(temporary);
 }
+
+console.log(
+    `Real Chromium smoke: ${assertions} harness/browser comparisons passed across ${profiles.length} permission profiles; temporary profile removed.`
+);
diff --git a/tests/browser-match-patterns/cleanup.mjs b/tests/browser-match-patterns/cleanup.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5bb93c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/browser-match-patterns/cleanup.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import fs from "node:fs/promises";
+
+export const removeBrowserTemporaryDirectory = async directory => {
+    try {
+        // Chromium can still flush profile files after its main process exits.
+        // Let Node retry transient filesystem errors, without hiding persistent failures.
+        await fs.rm(directory, {recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 10, retryDelay: 100});
+    } catch (error) {
+        throw new Error(`Browser smoke cleanup failed after filesystem retries: ${directory}`, {cause: error});
+    }
+};
diff --git a/tests/browser-match-patterns/cleanup.test.mjs b/tests/browser-match-patterns/cleanup.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d618a70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/browser-match-patterns/cleanup.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import fs from "node:fs/promises";
+import {tmpdir} from "node:os";
+import {join} from "node:path";
+import {afterEach, describe, expect, jest, test} from "@jest/globals";
+import {removeBrowserTemporaryDirectory} from "./cleanup.mjs";
+
+afterEach(() => jest.restoreAllMocks());
+
+describe("browser smoke cleanup", () => {
+    test("removes an actual temporary profile with bounded native filesystem retries enabled", async () => {
+        const directory = await fs.mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), "browser-smoke-cleanup-test-"));
+
+        try {
+            const profile = join(directory, "profile", "Default");
+            await fs.mkdir(profile, {recursive: true});
+            await fs.writeFile(join(profile, "Preferences"), "{}");
+            const remove = jest.spyOn(fs, "rm");
+            await removeBrowserTemporaryDirectory(directory);
+
+            // ENOTEMPTY retries are implemented by Node. Guard the options at that boundary:
+            // force alone ignores ENOENT, but leaves maxRetries at zero.
+            expect(remove).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+
+            expect(remove).toHaveBeenCalledWith(directory, {
+                recursive: true,
+                force: true,
+                maxRetries: 10,
+                retryDelay: 100,
+            });
+
+            await expect(fs.stat(directory)).rejects.toMatchObject({code: "ENOENT"});
+        } finally {
+            jest.restoreAllMocks();
+            await fs.rm(directory, {recursive: true, force: true});
+        }
+    });
+
+    test("accepts an already removed temporary directory", async () => {
+        const directory = await fs.mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), "browser-smoke-cleanup-test-"));
+
+        try {
+            await removeBrowserTemporaryDirectory(directory);
+            await expect(removeBrowserTemporaryDirectory(directory)).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+        } finally {
+            await fs.rm(directory, {recursive: true, force: true});
+        }
+    });
+
+    test.each(["ENOTEMPTY", "EBUSY", "EACCES"])("propagates %s after native removal fails", async code => {
+        const directory = join(tmpdir(), "browser-smoke-cleanup-mocked");
+        const failure = Object.assign(new Error(`Filesystem failure: ${code}`), {code});
+        jest.spyOn(fs, "rm").mockRejectedValue(failure);
+
+        await expect(removeBrowserTemporaryDirectory(directory)).rejects.toMatchObject({
+            message: `Browser smoke cleanup failed after filesystem retries: ${directory}`,
+            cause: failure,
+        });
+    });
+});