diff --git a/jacodb-ets/ts-frontend/src/lowering/exprLowering.ts b/jacodb-ets/ts-frontend/src/lowering/exprLowering.ts
index 8677c02a0..43b23a63e 100644
--- a/jacodb-ets/ts-frontend/src/lowering/exprLowering.ts
+++ b/jacodb-ets/ts-frontend/src/lowering/exprLowering.ts
@@ -213,6 +213,25 @@ export class ExprLowerer {
             : target;
     }
 
+    /** Save components before Get/coercion, retaining raw key/index conversion at each operation. */
+    private snapshotReference(target: LValueDto): LValueDto {
+        if (target._ === "InstanceFieldRef" || target._ === "PropertyRef") {
+            return { ...target, instance: this.m.snapshotToLocal(target.instance, target.instance.type) };
+        }
+
+        if (target._ === "ArrayRef") {
+            const array = target.array;
+            const index = target.index;
+            return {
+                ...target,
+                array: array._ === "Local" ? this.m.snapshotToLocal(array, array.type) : array,
+                index: index._ === "Local" ? this.m.snapshotToLocal(index, index.type) : index,
+            };
+        }
+
+        return target;
+    }
+
     /** Hoist a value into a fresh temp: `%t := value`. */
     materialize(value: ValueDto, type: TypeDto = UNKNOWN_TYPE): LocalDto {
         const temp = this.m.newTemp(type);
@@ -863,7 +882,7 @@ export class ExprLowerer {
             return rhs;
         }
 
-        const target = this.lowerLValue(node.left, node.right);
+        let target = this.lowerLValue(node.left, node.right);
 
         if (
             opKind === ts.SyntaxKind.AmpersandAmpersandEqualsToken ||
@@ -876,7 +895,7 @@ export class ExprLowerer {
         let rhs: ValueDto;
         const compoundOp = COMPOUND_ASSIGN_BY_SYNTAX[opKind];
         if (compoundOp !== undefined) {
-            // load-op-store (note: no short-circuit for &&= / ||= / ??= — approximation)
+            target = this.snapshotReference(target);
             const oldValue = target._ === "Local"
                 ? target
                 : this.materialize(this.propertyReferenceForOperation(target), lvalueType(target));
@@ -905,6 +924,7 @@ export class ExprLowerer {
     }
 
     private lowerLogicalAssignment(node: ts.BinaryExpression, target: LValueDto): LocalDto {
+        target = this.snapshotReference(target);
         const cfg = this.m.cfg;
         const oldValue = target._ === "Local"
             ? target
@@ -986,22 +1006,7 @@ export class ExprLowerer {
         returnOld: boolean,
     ): ValueDto {
         const op: UnaryOp = operator === ts.SyntaxKind.PlusPlusToken ? "++" : "--";
-        let target = this.lowerLValue(operand);
-
-        // Get and ToNumeric can replace source bindings. Keep the selected
-        // receiver and raw index for Put, without converting the index early.
-        if (target._ === "InstanceFieldRef" || target._ === "PropertyRef") {
-            target = { ...target, instance: this.m.snapshotToLocal(target.instance, target.instance.type) };
-        } else if (target._ === "ArrayRef") {
-            const array = target.array;
-            const index = target.index;
-            target = {
-                ...target,
-                array: array._ === "Local" ? this.m.snapshotToLocal(array, array.type) : array,
-                index: index._ === "Local" ? this.m.snapshotToLocal(index, index.type) : index,
-            };
-        }
-
+        const target = this.snapshotReference(this.lowerLValue(operand));
         const rawValue = target._ === "Local"
             ? target
             : this.materialize(this.propertyReferenceForOperation(target), lvalueType(target));
diff --git a/jacodb-ets/ts-frontend/test/assignment-reference.spec.ts b/jacodb-ets/ts-frontend/test/assignment-reference.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..73d5430ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jacodb-ets/ts-frontend/test/assignment-reference.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+import { runInNewContext } from "node:vm";
+import * as ts from "typescript";
+import { beforeAll, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { EtsFileDto } from "../src/dto/model";
+import { serializeEtsFile } from "../src/serialize";
+import { executeObjectIr } from "./object-runtime";
+import { lower } from "./util";
+
+const operations = [
+    ["add", "+= 1"],
+    ["multiply", "*= 2"],
+    ["and", "&&= 7"],
+    ["or", "||= 7"],
+    ["nullish", "??= 7"],
+] as const;
+const shapes = ["dot", "array", "tuple", "computed", "nestedDot"] as const;
+type Shape = typeof shapes[number];
+type Effect = "getter" | "valueOf";
+type Sample = "number" | "string" | "negativeZero" | "throws";
+
+const source = [
+    ...shapes.flatMap((shape) => operations.map(([name, operation]) => {
+        const type = shape === "array" ? "number[]" : shape === "tuple" ? "[number, number]" : "any";
+        const operand = shape === "dot" || shape === "nestedDot" ? "receiver.m" : "receiver[key]";
+        const action = shape === "nestedDot"
+            ? `const update = function() { return ${operand} ${operation}; }; const result = update();`
+            : `const result = ${operand} ${operation};`;
+
+        return `export function ${shape}_${name}(input: ${type}, replacement: ${type}, initialKey: any,
+            replacementKey: any, prepare: any, state: any): unknown {
+            let receiver: ${type} = input;
+            let key: any = initialKey;
+            prepare(function() { receiver = replacement; key = replacementKey; state.changed = true; });
+            ${action}
+            state.receiver = receiver;
+            state.key = key;
+            return result;
+        }`;
+    })),
+    ...operations.slice(0, 2).map(([name, operation]) => `export function local_${name}(input: any, prepare: any, state: any): unknown {
+        let value: any = input;
+        prepare(function() { value = 999; });
+        const result = value ${operation};
+        state.stored = value;
+        return result;
+    }`),
+].join("\n");
+
+let serialized: EtsFileDto;
+let native: Record<string, (...args: unknown[]) => unknown>;
+
+beforeAll(() => {
+    const { file, diagnostics } = lower(source);
+    serialized = JSON.parse(serializeEtsFile(file));
+    const javascript = ts.transpileModule(source, {
+        // Keep logical assignment native: an older target rewrites it into a
+        // second source-reference evaluation, which would invalidate the oracle.
+        compilerOptions: { target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2022, module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS },
+    }).outputText;
+
+    expect(diagnostics.messages).toEqual([]);
+    native = runInNewContext(`${javascript}\nexports`, { exports: {} });
+});
+
+function observe(
+    execute: (...args: unknown[]) => unknown,
+    shape: Shape,
+    effect: Effect,
+    sample: Sample | { primitive: unknown },
+    throwingGetter = false,
+) {
+    const events: string[] = [];
+    const state: { changed?: boolean; receiver?: unknown; key?: unknown } = {};
+    let mutate = () => { throw new Error("mutation callback was not prepared"); };
+    const boxed = {
+        valueOf() {
+            events.push("valueOf");
+            if (effect === "valueOf") mutate();
+            if (sample === "throws") throw new RangeError("valueOf");
+            return sample === "string" ? "3" : sample === "negativeZero" ? -0 : 3;
+        },
+    };
+    const oldValue = typeof sample === "object" ? sample.primitive : boxed;
+    const array = shape === "array" || shape === "tuple";
+    const initialKey = array ? 0 : "m";
+    const replacementKey = array ? 1 : "other";
+    const originalValues = [oldValue, 100];
+    const input: any = array ? [] : {};
+    const replacement: any = array ? [500, 600] : { m: 500, other: 600 };
+
+    for (const [index, key] of [initialKey, replacementKey].entries()) {
+        Object.defineProperty(input, key, {
+            configurable: true,
+            enumerable: true,
+            get() {
+                events.push(`get:${key}`);
+                if (effect === "getter") mutate();
+                if (throwingGetter) throw new RangeError("getter");
+                return originalValues[index];
+            },
+            set(value) {
+                events.push(`put:${key}`);
+                originalValues[index] = value;
+            },
+        });
+    }
+
+    const prepare = (callback: () => void) => { mutate = callback; };
+    const encode = (value: unknown) => value === boxed ? "original boxed value" : value;
+    let result: unknown;
+    let error: string | undefined;
+
+    try {
+        result = execute(input, replacement, initialKey, replacementKey, prepare, state);
+    } catch (failure) {
+        error = (failure as Error).name;
+    }
+
+    return {
+        result,
+        error,
+        events,
+        changed: state.changed,
+        receiverIsReplacement: state.receiver === replacement,
+        keyIsReplacement: state.key === replacementKey,
+        original: originalValues.map(encode),
+        replacement: array ? [...replacement] : [replacement.m, replacement.other],
+    };
+}
+
+const compoundCases = shapes.flatMap((shape) => ["add", "multiply"].flatMap((name) =>
+    (["getter", "valueOf"] as const).map((effect) => [shape, name, effect] as const),
+));
+const logicalCases = shapes.flatMap((shape) => (["and", "or", "nullish"] as const).flatMap((name) =>
+    [true, false].map((assign) => [shape, name, assign] as const),
+));
+
+describe("read-modify-write assignment reference capture", () => {
+    it.each(compoundCases)("%s %s retains its reference through %s mutation", (shape, name, effect) => {
+        const method = `${shape}_${name}`;
+
+        for (const sample of ["number", "string", "negativeZero", "throws"] as const) {
+            const expected = observe(native[method], shape, effect, sample);
+            const actual = observe((...args) => executeObjectIr(serialized, method, args), shape, effect, sample);
+
+            expect(actual, sample).toEqual(expected);
+            expect(actual.replacement, sample).toEqual([500, 600]);
+            if (sample === "throws") {
+                expect(actual.error).toBe("RangeError");
+                expect(actual.original).toEqual(["original boxed value", 100]);
+                expect(actual.events.some((event) => event.startsWith("put:"))).toBe(false);
+            } else {
+                expect(actual.changed, sample).toBe(true);
+                expect(actual.receiverIsReplacement, sample).toBe(true);
+                expect(actual.keyIsReplacement, sample).toBe(true);
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    it.each(logicalCases)("%s %s assigns=%s keeps the getter-selected reference", (shape, name, assign) => {
+        const method = `${shape}_${name}`;
+        const oldValue = name === "and" ? (assign ? 3 : 0)
+            : name === "or" ? (assign ? 0 : 3) : (assign ? null : 3);
+        const expected = observe(native[method], shape, "getter", { primitive: oldValue });
+        const actual = observe((...args) => executeObjectIr(serialized, method, args), shape, "getter", { primitive: oldValue });
+        const key = shape === "array" || shape === "tuple" ? 0 : "m";
+
+        expect(actual).toEqual(expected);
+        expect(actual.result).toBe(assign ? 7 : oldValue);
+        expect(actual.original).toEqual([assign ? 7 : oldValue, 100]);
+        expect(actual.replacement).toEqual([500, 600]);
+        expect(actual.events).toEqual(assign ? [`get:${key}`, `put:${key}`] : [`get:${key}`]);
+        expect(actual.changed).toBe(true);
+        expect(actual.receiverIsReplacement).toBe(true);
+        expect(actual.keyIsReplacement).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it.each(shapes)("%s stops before RHS coercion and Put when its getter throws", (shape) => {
+        const method = `${shape}_add`;
+        const expected = observe(native[method], shape, "getter", "number", true);
+        const actual = observe((...args) => executeObjectIr(serialized, method, args), shape, "getter", "number", true);
+
+        expect(actual).toEqual(expected);
+        expect(actual.error).toBe("RangeError");
+        expect(actual.events).toEqual([shape === "array" || shape === "tuple" ? "get:0" : "get:m"]);
+        expect(actual.original).toEqual(["original boxed value", 100]);
+        expect(actual.replacement).toEqual([500, 600]);
+    });
+
+    it.each(["add", "multiply"])("local %s retains the assigned binding during valueOf", (name) => {
+        const method = `local_${name}`;
+        const observeLocal = (execute: (...args: unknown[]) => unknown) => {
+            const state: { stored?: unknown } = {};
+            let mutate = () => { throw new Error("mutation callback was not prepared"); };
+            const input = { valueOf() { mutate(); return 3; } };
+            const prepare = (callback: () => void) => { mutate = callback; };
+
+            return { result: execute(input, prepare, state), stored: state.stored };
+        };
+
+        const expected = observeLocal(native[method]);
+        const actual = observeLocal((...args) => executeObjectIr(serialized, method, args));
+
+        expect(actual).toEqual(expected);
+        expect(actual.stored).toBe(name === "add" ? 4 : 6);
+    });
+});