diff --git a/docs/deploy.md b/docs/deploy.md
index ba53f71..254d4e8 100644
--- a/docs/deploy.md
+++ b/docs/deploy.md
@@ -172,6 +172,26 @@ identity, the `system:nodes` organization, and the current manager Pod IP as the
 
 ---
 
+## AWS IAM permissions
+
+The AWS adapter uses the SDK's default credential chain (IRSA or an instance role in production).
+That identity needs these EC2 actions:
+
+| Action | Used for |
+|---|---|
+| `ec2:CreateFleet` | Launching an instance (an *instant* fleet across the region's AZs) |
+| `ec2:RunInstances`, `ec2:CreateTags` | Required by `CreateFleet` to launch and tag the instance |
+| `ec2:CreateLaunchTemplate`, `ec2:DeleteLaunchTemplate`, `ec2:DescribeLaunchTemplates` | The ephemeral launch template each launch creates, and sweeping leaked ones |
+| `ec2:TerminateInstances` | Deleting an instance |
+| `ec2:DescribeInstances` | Finding and listing Nebula's instances |
+| `ec2:DescribeInstanceStatus` | The 2/2 status checks that gate `Running` (a separate grant from `DescribeInstances`) |
+| `ec2:DescribeInstanceTypeOfferings` | Which instance types a region and each AZ offer |
+| `ec2:DescribeImages`, `ec2:DescribeSubnets` | The region's GPU AMI and default-VPC subnets |
+| `ec2:DescribeSpotPriceHistory` | The live Spot price a Spot claim is priced at |
+
+Without `ec2:DescribeSpotPriceHistory`, Spot claims are priced at the catalog's seed rate (a
+us-east-1 snapshot) instead of the region's current price. Placement and launches still work.
+
 ## Modal Environments
 
 Optional, and off unless you set it. A Modal **Environment** is a named partition of
diff --git a/internal/controller/nodeclaim_controller.go b/internal/controller/nodeclaim_controller.go
index 6f09310..f473236 100644
--- a/internal/controller/nodeclaim_controller.go
+++ b/internal/controller/nodeclaim_controller.go
@@ -409,6 +409,7 @@ func (r *NodeClaimReconciler) recordPrice(ctx context.Context, nc *nebulav1alpha
 		AcceleratorType: accelerator,
 		Count:           count,
 		CapacityType:    nc.Spec.CapacityType,
+		Region:          nc.Spec.Region,
 		CPUCores:        cpuCores,
 		MemoryMiB:       memoryMiB,
 		DiskGiB:         util.PodEphemeralStorageGiB(pod),
diff --git a/internal/controller/nodeclaim_price_test.go b/internal/controller/nodeclaim_price_test.go
index a918f32..1540067 100644
--- a/internal/controller/nodeclaim_price_test.go
+++ b/internal/controller/nodeclaim_price_test.go
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ func TestRecordPrice_WritesRateAndRequest(t *testing.T) {
 	pod := gpuPod("H100", 2, "4", "8Gi")
 	claim := newClaim("c1", "p1", "default", "uid-1", "fake")
 	claim.Spec.CapacityType = nebulav1alpha1.CapacityOnDemand
+	claim.Spec.Region = "us-east-1"
 	pp := &pricedProvider{fakeProvider: &fakeProvider{name: "fake"}, rate: 7.9}
 	r, c := newPricedReconciler(t, []client.Object{pod, claim}, pp)
 
@@ -90,6 +91,8 @@ func TestRecordPrice_WritesRateAndRequest(t *testing.T) {
 	want := provider.PriceRequest{
 		AcceleratorType: "H100", Count: 2,
 		CapacityType: nebulav1alpha1.CapacityOnDemand,
+		// The claim's region, for a provider whose price varies by region (AWS Spot).
+		Region: "us-east-1",
 		// The Pod's own reservation, which only a provider metering CPU/memory apart from
 		// the accelerator charges for — but the request carries it either way.
 		CPUCores: 4, MemoryMiB: 8192,
diff --git a/pkg/provider/aws/aws.go b/pkg/provider/aws/aws.go
index 7eac846..b6f2f79 100644
--- a/pkg/provider/aws/aws.go
+++ b/pkg/provider/aws/aws.go
@@ -134,6 +134,11 @@ type Client interface {
 	// region offers is AWS-authoritative and changes over time, so it is queried
 	// live rather than hand-maintained in the catalog.
 	AvailableInstanceTypes(ctx context.Context) (map[string]bool, error)
+	// SpotPrice returns the current Spot price (USD/hour) of one instance type in the
+	// client's region: the LOWEST across its AZs, since the launch fleet's default Spot
+	// allocation strategy is lowest-price. Spot prices move hourly and differ per region
+	// and AZ, so they are read live rather than from the catalog's seed rows.
+	SpotPrice(ctx context.Context, instanceType string) (float64, error)
 }
 
 // InstanceSpec is the resolved, EC2-shaped request the Client turns into a
@@ -236,8 +241,34 @@ type Provider struct {
 
 	mu      sync.Mutex
 	clients map[string]Client // region -> Client, populated lazily by clientFor
+
+	// spotMu guards spotPrices, the live Spot price cache PricePerHour reads (see spotRate).
+	spotMu     sync.Mutex
+	spotPrices map[spotPriceKey]spotPriceEntry
+}
+
+// spotPriceKey is one cached Spot price: an instance type in a region.
+type spotPriceKey struct{ region, instanceType string }
+
+// spotPriceEntry is a cached Spot price, or the failure to read one (so a missing IAM grant
+// or throttle is not retried on every reconcile).
+type spotPriceEntry struct {
+	price float64
+	err   error
+	at    time.Time
 }
 
+const (
+	// spotPriceTTL is how long a live Spot price is reused. Spot prices move gradually, at
+	// most every hour or so, so this bounds staleness without a call per reconcile.
+	spotPriceTTL = time.Hour
+	// spotPriceErrTTL is how long a failed lookup is remembered before retrying.
+	spotPriceErrTTL = 5 * time.Minute
+	// spotPriceTimeout caps one DescribeSpotPriceHistory lookup. PricePerHour has no context
+	// of its own, and a slow lookup only delays a cost figure.
+	spotPriceTimeout = 10 * time.Second
+)
+
 // New returns an EC2 Provider backed by a client factory and price catalog.
 // regionSource supplies the NodePool declarations the List/Offerings fan-out
 // sweeps (nil is tolerated — the sweep then uses only the regions already
@@ -254,6 +285,7 @@ func New(newClient ClientFactory, cat catalog.Lookup, regionSource RegionSource)
 		newClient:    newClient,
 		regionSource: regionSource,
 		clients:      make(map[string]Client),
+		spotPrices:   make(map[spotPriceKey]spotPriceEntry),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -454,7 +486,7 @@ func (p *Provider) Offerings(ctx context.Context) ([]provider.Offering, error) {
 			log.Error(err, "probe instance-type availability failed; skipping region", "region", region)
 			continue
 		}
-		for _, o := range rows {
+		for _, o := range regionRows(rows, region) {
 			o.Region = region
 			o.Available = o.Available && avail[o.AcceleratorID]
 			out = append(out, o)
@@ -466,6 +498,36 @@ func (p *Provider) Offerings(ctx context.Context) ([]provider.Offering, error) {
 	return out, nil
 }
 
+// regionRows returns the catalog rows that price region: its own rows, plus a blank-region
+// (default) row for each offering the region has no row of its own for. Rows for other
+// regions are dropped.
+func regionRows(rows []provider.Offering, region string) []provider.Offering {
+	type offeringKey struct {
+		id    string
+		count int32
+		tier  nebulav1alpha1.CapacityType
+	}
+	key := func(o provider.Offering) offeringKey {
+		return offeringKey{id: o.AcceleratorID, count: o.GPUCount, tier: o.CapacityType}
+	}
+	own := map[offeringKey]bool{}
+	for _, o := range rows {
+		if o.Region == region {
+			own[key(o)] = true
+		}
+	}
+	out := make([]provider.Offering, 0, len(rows))
+	for _, o := range rows {
+		switch {
+		case o.Region == region:
+			out = append(out, o)
+		case o.Region == "" && !own[key(o)]:
+			out = append(out, o)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
 // Provision implements provider.Provider. The Pod is the source of truth for the
 // workload; req carries the claim identity, capacity tier, and region.
 //
@@ -760,9 +822,62 @@ func (p *Provider) PricePerHour(req provider.PriceRequest) (float64, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, err
 	}
+	if req.CapacityType == nebulav1alpha1.CapacitySpot && req.Region != "" {
+		rate = p.spotRate(req, rate)
+	}
 	return rate + data.AWSRootVolumeCostPerHour(awsAMIRootGiB+req.DiskGiB), nil
 }
 
+// spotRate is the live Spot price of the request's primary instance type in its region, or
+// seed (the catalog's Spot row) when the live price cannot be read. The catalog's Spot rows
+// are a single us-east-1 snapshot; the live price is what the region charges now.
+func (p *Provider) spotRate(req provider.PriceRequest, seed float64) float64 {
+	ids, ok := p.MapAccelerator(req.AcceleratorType, req.Count)
+	if !ok || len(ids) == 0 {
+		return seed
+	}
+	key := spotPriceKey{region: req.Region, instanceType: ids[0]}
+	log := logf.Log.WithName("aws-spot-price").WithValues("region", key.region, "instanceType", key.instanceType)
+
+	p.spotMu.Lock()
+	e, cached := p.spotPrices[key]
+	p.spotMu.Unlock()
+	if !cached || e.expired(time.Now()) {
+		e = p.fetchSpotPrice(key)
+		p.spotMu.Lock()
+		p.spotPrices[key] = e
+		p.spotMu.Unlock()
+	}
+	if e.err != nil {
+		log.V(1).Info("live spot price unavailable; using the catalog seed", "seed", seed, "error", e.err.Error())
+		return seed
+	}
+	return e.price
+}
+
+// fetchSpotPrice reads one live Spot price through the region's client.
+func (p *Provider) fetchSpotPrice(key spotPriceKey) spotPriceEntry {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), spotPriceTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+	now := time.Now()
+	client, err := p.clientFor(ctx, key.region)
+	if err != nil {
+		return spotPriceEntry{err: err, at: now}
+	}
+	price, err := client.SpotPrice(ctx, key.instanceType)
+	return spotPriceEntry{price: price, err: err, at: now}
+}
+
+// expired reports whether the entry must be re-read: a price after spotPriceTTL, a failure
+// after the shorter spotPriceErrTTL.
+func (e spotPriceEntry) expired(now time.Time) bool {
+	ttl := spotPriceTTL
+	if e.err != nil {
+		ttl = spotPriceErrTTL
+	}
+	return now.Sub(e.at) > ttl
+}
+
 // instanceSpecFromPod reads the workload off the Pod (source of truth) and the
 // accelerator type (from the AcceleratorTypeLabel), maps it to an EC2 instance
 // type via the catalog, and stamps the claim tag, capacity tier, and region.
diff --git a/pkg/provider/aws/aws_test.go b/pkg/provider/aws/aws_test.go
index ceea8d2..f602bd2 100644
--- a/pkg/provider/aws/aws_test.go
+++ b/pkg/provider/aws/aws_test.go
@@ -55,6 +55,11 @@ type fakeClient struct {
 	// Offerings call on a bare fake reports every row unavailable but still present.
 	available map[string]bool
 	availErr  error
+	// spotPrices is what SpotPrice returns per instance type; spotErr injects a failure.
+	// spotCalls counts lookups so a test can assert the cache.
+	spotPrices map[string]float64
+	spotErr    error
+	spotCalls  int
 }
 
 func (f *fakeClient) RunInstance(_ context.Context, spec InstanceSpec) (string, error) {
@@ -107,6 +112,18 @@ func (f *fakeClient) FindInstance(_ context.Context, claimName string, states []
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
+func (f *fakeClient) SpotPrice(_ context.Context, instanceType string) (float64, error) {
+	f.spotCalls++
+	if f.spotErr != nil {
+		return 0, f.spotErr
+	}
+	price, ok := f.spotPrices[instanceType]
+	if !ok {
+		return 0, errNoSpotPrice
+	}
+	return price, nil
+}
+
 func (f *fakeClient) AvailableInstanceTypes(_ context.Context) (map[string]bool, error) {
 	if f.availErr != nil {
 		return nil, f.availErr
@@ -123,9 +140,10 @@ func (c fakeCatalog) Offerings(_ string) []provider.Offering { return c.rows }
 
 const testRegion = "us-east-1"
 
-// offering is a compact constructor for a region-aware test catalog row (the
-// full struct literal is too wide to read inline). count is the gpu_count, the
-// AWS lookup key that (with the accelerator type) selects the instance type.
+// offering is a compact constructor for a test catalog row (the full struct literal
+// is too wide to read inline). count is the gpu_count, the AWS lookup key that (with
+// the accelerator type) selects the instance type. The region is blank, as in the real
+// catalog's default rows; Offerings stamps it per region.
 func offering(accel, id string, count int32, tier nebulav1alpha1.CapacityType, price float64) provider.Offering {
 	return provider.Offering{
 		AcceleratorType: accel,
@@ -134,7 +152,6 @@ func offering(accel, id string, count int32, tier nebulav1alpha1.CapacityType, p
 		CapacityType:    tier,
 		PricePerHour:    price,
 		Available:       true,
-		Region:          testRegion,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1126,3 +1143,94 @@ func TestProvision_RefusesDiskAboveVolumeCap(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("RunInstance called %d times for a refused disk", f.runCnt)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestPricePerHour_SpotUsesLivePrice(t *testing.T) {
+	f := &fakeClient{spotPrices: map[string]float64{"p5.48xlarge": 30.692}}
+	p := newTestProvider(f)
+	req := provider.PriceRequest{AcceleratorType: "H100", Count: 8, CapacityType: nebulav1alpha1.CapacitySpot, Region: testRegion}
+	want := 30.692 + data.AWSRootVolumeCostPerHour(awsAMIRootGiB)
+
+	got, err := p.PricePerHour(req)
+	if err != nil || got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("PricePerHour(spot) = %v, %v; want the live price + root volume %v, not the 34.41 seed", got, err, want)
+	}
+	if _, _ = p.PricePerHour(req); f.spotCalls != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("spot lookups = %d after two calls, want 1 (cached)", f.spotCalls)
+	}
+
+	// Past the TTL the price is read again.
+	key := spotPriceKey{region: testRegion, instanceType: "p5.48xlarge"}
+	e := p.spotPrices[key]
+	e.at = time.Now().Add(-spotPriceTTL - time.Minute)
+	p.spotPrices[key] = e
+	f.spotPrices["p5.48xlarge"] = 31.0
+	if got, _ := p.PricePerHour(req); f.spotCalls != 2 || got != 31.0+data.AWSRootVolumeCostPerHour(awsAMIRootGiB) {
+		t.Fatalf("after TTL: price %v, lookups %d; want the refreshed 31.0 from a second lookup", got, f.spotCalls)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPricePerHour_SpotFallsBackToSeed(t *testing.T) {
+	seed := 34.41 + data.AWSRootVolumeCostPerHour(awsAMIRootGiB)
+	req := provider.PriceRequest{AcceleratorType: "H100", Count: 8, CapacityType: nebulav1alpha1.CapacitySpot, Region: testRegion}
+
+	f := &fakeClient{spotErr: errors.New("UnauthorizedOperation")}
+	p := newTestProvider(f)
+	if got, err := p.PricePerHour(req); err != nil || got != seed {
+		t.Fatalf("PricePerHour(lookup fails) = %v, %v; want the seed %v, never an error", got, err, seed)
+	}
+	if _, _ = p.PricePerHour(req); f.spotCalls != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("spot lookups = %d after two failing calls, want 1 (the failure is cached)", f.spotCalls)
+	}
+
+	// No live price for the type (e.g. not sold on Spot in the region) is the same fallback.
+	p = newTestProvider(&fakeClient{spotPrices: map[string]float64{}})
+	if got, err := p.PricePerHour(req); err != nil || got != seed {
+		t.Fatalf("PricePerHour(no live price) = %v, %v; want the seed %v", got, err, seed)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPricePerHour_LivePriceOnlyForSpotWithRegion(t *testing.T) {
+	f := &fakeClient{spotPrices: map[string]float64{"p5.48xlarge": 30.692}}
+	p := newTestProvider(f)
+	root := data.AWSRootVolumeCostPerHour(awsAMIRootGiB)
+
+	// Spot with no region: nothing to look up.
+	got, err := p.PricePerHour(provider.PriceRequest{AcceleratorType: "H100", Count: 8, CapacityType: nebulav1alpha1.CapacitySpot})
+	if err != nil || got != 34.41+root {
+		t.Fatalf("PricePerHour(spot, no region) = %v, %v; want the seed %v", got, err, 34.41+root)
+	}
+	// On-demand: the catalog's list price, untouched.
+	got, err = p.PricePerHour(provider.PriceRequest{AcceleratorType: "H100", Count: 8, CapacityType: nebulav1alpha1.CapacityOnDemand, Region: testRegion})
+	if err != nil || got != 98.32+root {
+		t.Fatalf("PricePerHour(on-demand) = %v, %v; want the catalog price %v", got, err, 98.32+root)
+	}
+	if f.spotCalls != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("spot lookups = %d, want 0 for these requests", f.spotCalls)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRegionRows(t *testing.T) {
+	od, spot := nebulav1alpha1.CapacityOnDemand, nebulav1alpha1.CapacitySpot
+	withRegion := func(o provider.Offering, region string) provider.Offering { o.Region = region; return o }
+	rows := []provider.Offering{
+		offering("H100", "p5.48xlarge", 8, od, 55.040),
+		offering("H100", "p5.48xlarge", 8, spot, 29.168),
+		withRegion(offering("H100", "p5.48xlarge", 8, od, 58.893), "eu-north-1"),
+		withRegion(offering("H100", "p5.48xlarge", 8, od, 71.552), "eu-west-2"),
+	}
+	got := regionRows(rows, "eu-north-1")
+	if len(got) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("regionRows(eu-north-1) = %d rows, want 2 (its own on-demand + the default spot): %+v", len(got), got)
+	}
+	for _, o := range got {
+		switch {
+		case o.CapacityType == od && (o.Region != "eu-north-1" || o.PricePerHour != 58.893):
+			t.Errorf("on-demand row = %+v, want eu-north-1's own 58.893, not the default or eu-west-2's", o)
+		case o.CapacityType == spot && o.Region != "":
+			t.Errorf("spot row = %+v, want the default (eu-north-1 has none of its own)", o)
+		}
+	}
+	if got := regionRows(rows, "us-east-2"); len(got) != 2 || got[0].Region != "" || got[1].Region != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("regionRows(us-east-2) = %+v, want just the two defaults", got)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/provider/aws/client.go b/pkg/provider/aws/client.go
index 0f51e7f..c88b8da 100644
--- a/pkg/provider/aws/client.go
+++ b/pkg/provider/aws/client.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -56,6 +57,11 @@ type ec2API interface {
 	DescribeInstanceTypeOfferings(
 		ctx context.Context, in *ec2.DescribeInstanceTypeOfferingsInput, optFns ...func(*ec2.Options),
 	) (*ec2.DescribeInstanceTypeOfferingsOutput, error)
+	// DescribeSpotPriceHistory reads the current Spot price per AZ (see SpotPrice).
+	// Needs the ec2:DescribeSpotPriceHistory IAM permission.
+	DescribeSpotPriceHistory(
+		ctx context.Context, in *ec2.DescribeSpotPriceHistoryInput, optFns ...func(*ec2.Options),
+	) (*ec2.DescribeSpotPriceHistoryOutput, error)
 	// DescribeImages resolves the region's GPU AMI at construction (see
 	// resolveGPUAMI); DescribeSubnets discovers the default VPC's per-AZ subnets
 	// RunInstance fails over across (see discoverDefaultSubnets).
@@ -933,6 +939,52 @@ func (c *sdkClient) AvailableInstanceTypes(ctx context.Context) (map[string]bool
 	return out, nil
 }
 
+// spotProductDescription is the only Linux product Spot prices are published under since
+// EC2-Classic was retired (August 2023); the plain "Linux/UNIX" variant priced Classic.
+const spotProductDescription = "Linux/UNIX (Amazon VPC)"
+
+// errNoSpotPrice reports that the region publishes no current Spot price for a type, e.g. one
+// it does not offer on Spot. The caller falls back to the catalog's seed price.
+var errNoSpotPrice = errors.New("no spot price")
+
+// SpotPrice implements Client via DescribeSpotPriceHistory. A StartTime of now returns the
+// price in effect in each AZ; the lowest is returned, matching the fleet's lowest-price Spot
+// allocation.
+func (c *sdkClient) SpotPrice(ctx context.Context, instanceType string) (float64, error) {
+	in := &ec2.DescribeSpotPriceHistoryInput{
+		InstanceTypes:       []ec2types.InstanceType{ec2types.InstanceType(instanceType)},
+		ProductDescriptions: []string{spotProductDescription},
+		StartTime:           awssdk.Time(time.Now()),
+	}
+	lowest := -1.0
+	for {
+		page, err := c.ec2.DescribeSpotPriceHistory(ctx, in)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		for _, h := range page.SpotPriceHistory {
+			if h.SpotPrice == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			price, err := strconv.ParseFloat(*h.SpotPrice, 64)
+			if err != nil || price <= 0 {
+				continue
+			}
+			if lowest < 0 || price < lowest {
+				lowest = price
+			}
+		}
+		if page.NextToken == nil || *page.NextToken == "" {
+			break
+		}
+		in.NextToken = page.NextToken
+	}
+	if lowest < 0 {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("aws: %s in %s: %w", instanceType, c.region, errNoSpotPrice)
+	}
+	return lowest, nil
+}
+
 // instanceTypeAZs returns, for each of the requested types, the set of AZs in this
 // region that offer it — used by RunInstance to prune fleet overrides targeting an
 // AZ that does not offer the type. Offerings are stable per region, so a resolved
diff --git a/pkg/provider/aws/client_test.go b/pkg/provider/aws/client_test.go
index ac340a6..76625df 100644
--- a/pkg/provider/aws/client_test.go
+++ b/pkg/provider/aws/client_test.go
@@ -59,6 +59,13 @@ type fakeEC2 struct {
 	// assert which instance ids were queried.
 	lastStatusIn *ec2.DescribeInstanceStatusInput
 
+	// spotPages seeds DescribeSpotPriceHistory; spotErr injects a failure; lastSpotIn
+	// records the last input so a test can assert the filters.
+	spotPages  []*ec2.DescribeSpotPriceHistoryOutput
+	spotErr    error
+	spotIdx    int
+	lastSpotIn *ec2.DescribeSpotPriceHistoryInput
+
 	offeringPages []*ec2.DescribeInstanceTypeOfferingsOutput
 	offeringErr   error
 	offeringIdx   int
@@ -235,6 +242,21 @@ func (f *fakeEC2) DescribeInstanceTypeOfferings(
 	return page, nil
 }
 
+func (f *fakeEC2) DescribeSpotPriceHistory(
+	_ context.Context, in *ec2.DescribeSpotPriceHistoryInput, _ ...func(*ec2.Options),
+) (*ec2.DescribeSpotPriceHistoryOutput, error) {
+	f.lastSpotIn = in
+	if f.spotErr != nil {
+		return nil, f.spotErr
+	}
+	if f.spotIdx >= len(f.spotPages) {
+		return &ec2.DescribeSpotPriceHistoryOutput{}, nil
+	}
+	page := f.spotPages[f.spotIdx]
+	f.spotIdx++
+	return page, nil
+}
+
 func apiErr(code string) error {
 	return &smithy.GenericAPIError{Code: code, Message: code}
 }
@@ -1311,3 +1333,46 @@ func TestSDKRunInstance_SizesRootVolume(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestSpotPrice_LowestAcrossAZs(t *testing.T) {
+	spot := func(az, price string) ec2types.SpotPrice {
+		return ec2types.SpotPrice{AvailabilityZone: awssdk.String(az), SpotPrice: awssdk.String(price)}
+	}
+	f := &fakeEC2{spotPages: []*ec2.DescribeSpotPriceHistoryOutput{
+		{
+			SpotPriceHistory: []ec2types.SpotPrice{spot("us-east-1a", "31.9467"), {AvailabilityZone: awssdk.String("us-east-1b")}},
+			NextToken:        awssdk.String("page-2"),
+		},
+		{SpotPriceHistory: []ec2types.SpotPrice{spot("us-east-1c", "29.168"), spot("us-east-1d", "37.378")}},
+	}}
+	c := &sdkClient{ec2: f, region: testRegion}
+
+	got, err := c.SpotPrice(context.Background(), "p5.48xlarge")
+	if err != nil || got != 29.168 {
+		t.Fatalf("SpotPrice = %v, %v; want the lowest AZ price 29.168 across both pages", got, err)
+	}
+	in := f.lastSpotIn
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(in.InstanceTypes, []ec2types.InstanceType{"p5.48xlarge"}) {
+		t.Errorf("InstanceTypes = %v, want only p5.48xlarge", in.InstanceTypes)
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(in.ProductDescriptions, []string{spotProductDescription}) {
+		t.Errorf("ProductDescriptions = %v, want %q", in.ProductDescriptions, spotProductDescription)
+	}
+	if in.StartTime == nil {
+		t.Error("StartTime unset: without it AWS returns the whole history, not the current price")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSpotPrice_NoPrice(t *testing.T) {
+	c := &sdkClient{ec2: &fakeEC2{}, region: testRegion}
+	if _, err := c.SpotPrice(context.Background(), "p5.48xlarge"); !errors.Is(err, errNoSpotPrice) {
+		t.Fatalf("SpotPrice(no history) err = %v, want errNoSpotPrice", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSpotPrice_APIError(t *testing.T) {
+	c := &sdkClient{ec2: &fakeEC2{spotErr: apiErr("UnauthorizedOperation")}, region: testRegion}
+	if _, err := c.SpotPrice(context.Background(), "p5.48xlarge"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("SpotPrice swallowed the API error")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/provider/catalog/base.go b/pkg/provider/catalog/base.go
index 6abafa6..8328631 100644
--- a/pkg/provider/catalog/base.go
+++ b/pkg/provider/catalog/base.go
@@ -132,9 +132,13 @@ func (b Base) MapAccelerator(canonical string, count int32) (providerAccelerator
 // adds them.
 //
 // Rows match as MapAccelerator matches them, plus capacity type: the one dimension
-// MapAccelerator can ignore and pricing cannot (AWS p5.48xlarge is $20.839 Spot against
-// $55.040 OnDemand). Among interchangeable alternates the FIRST row wins, so the price
-// describes the id a launch actually tries first.
+// MapAccelerator can ignore and pricing cannot (AWS p5.48xlarge is about $29.17 Spot
+// against $55.040 OnDemand in us-east-1). Among interchangeable alternates the FIRST row
+// wins, so the price describes the id a launch actually tries first.
+//
+// Region: a row priced for the request's region wins over a blank-region row, which is the
+// default for every region without one of its own. A row for another region never matches.
+// Providers whose rows all have a blank region (Modal, RunPod) price as before.
 func (b Base) PricePerHour(req provider.PriceRequest) (float64, error) {
 	// A CPU-only request. No row can match an empty type, so this is the same ErrNoPrice the
 	// loop below would reach; it is stated here for a clearer message, and because it MUST
@@ -156,7 +160,10 @@ func (b Base) PricePerHour(req provider.PriceRequest) (float64, error) {
 		tier = nebulav1alpha1.CapacityOnDemand
 	}
 
-	for _, o := range b.Catalog.Offerings(b.ProviderName) {
+	var regional, fallback *provider.Offering
+	offerings := b.Catalog.Offerings(b.ProviderName)
+	for i := range offerings {
+		o := &offerings[i]
 		if !strings.EqualFold(o.AcceleratorType, req.AcceleratorType) || !o.Available {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -170,14 +177,30 @@ func (b Base) PricePerHour(req provider.PriceRequest) (float64, error) {
 		if o.PricePerHour <= 0 {
 			continue
 		}
-		rate := o.PricePerHour
-		// GPUCount 0 => the row prices ONE accelerator and the count is a runtime knob, so
-		// the rate scales with it. A row carrying a count prices the whole offering already.
-		if o.GPUCount == 0 {
-			rate *= float64(req.Count)
+		switch {
+		case o.Region == "":
+			if fallback == nil {
+				fallback = o
+			}
+		case req.Region != "" && o.Region == req.Region:
+			if regional == nil {
+				regional = o
+			}
 		}
-		return rate, nil
 	}
-	return 0, fmt.Errorf("catalog: %s has no available %s x%d row on %s: %w",
-		b.ProviderName, req.AcceleratorType, req.Count, tier, provider.ErrNoPrice)
+	row := regional
+	if row == nil {
+		row = fallback
+	}
+	if row == nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("catalog: %s has no available %s x%d row on %s: %w",
+			b.ProviderName, req.AcceleratorType, req.Count, tier, provider.ErrNoPrice)
+	}
+	rate := row.PricePerHour
+	// GPUCount 0 => the row prices ONE accelerator and the count is a runtime knob, so the
+	// rate scales with it. A row carrying a count prices the whole offering already.
+	if row.GPUCount == 0 {
+		rate *= float64(req.Count)
+	}
+	return rate, nil
 }
diff --git a/pkg/provider/catalog/catalog_test.go b/pkg/provider/catalog/catalog_test.go
index b94cb3b..136da62 100644
--- a/pkg/provider/catalog/catalog_test.go
+++ b/pkg/provider/catalog/catalog_test.go
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"reflect"
+	"regexp"
 	"testing"
 
 	nebulav1alpha1 "github.com/InftyAI/Nebula/api/v1alpha1"
@@ -72,13 +73,31 @@ func TestLoad_EmbeddedAWS(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// AWS requests by instance type, so every row must carry an accelerator_id (the
-	// EC2 instance type). The embedded catalog is REGION-LESS — region is stamped by
-	// the adapter's live probe, not hand-maintained here — so rows have no region.
-	// Both capacity tiers appear.
+	// EC2 instance type). Blank-region rows are the defaults; a row with a region prices
+	// that region only, so every regional offering needs a default for the regions
+	// without one. Both capacity tiers appear.
+	type offeringKey struct {
+		id    string
+		count int32
+		tier  nebulav1alpha1.CapacityType
+	}
+	defaults := map[offeringKey]bool{}
+	for _, o := range offs {
+		if o.Region == "" {
+			defaults[offeringKey{o.AcceleratorID, o.GPUCount, o.CapacityType}] = true
+		}
+	}
+	regionName := regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-z]{2}-[a-z]+-[0-9]$`)
 	var haveSpot, haveOnDemand bool
 	for _, o := range offs {
 		if o.Region != "" {
-			t.Fatalf("embedded aws catalog must be region-less, got region %q for %q", o.Region, o.AcceleratorType)
+			if !regionName.MatchString(o.Region) {
+				t.Fatalf("aws row %s has malformed region %q", o.AcceleratorID, o.Region)
+			}
+			if !defaults[offeringKey{o.AcceleratorID, o.GPUCount, o.CapacityType}] {
+				t.Fatalf("aws row %s x%d %s in %s has no default (blank-region) row",
+					o.AcceleratorID, o.GPUCount, o.CapacityType, o.Region)
+			}
 		}
 		if o.AcceleratorID == "" {
 			t.Fatalf("aws offering %q has no accelerator_id (EC2 instance type)", o.AcceleratorType)
@@ -406,6 +425,44 @@ func TestBasePricePerHour_EmbeddedCatalog(t *testing.T) {
 	if got != 55.040 {
 		t.Fatalf("aws H100 x8 = %v, want 55.040 (whole-instance rate, unscaled)", got)
 	}
+
+	// A region with rows of its own is priced from them; one without uses the default.
+	got, err = aws.PricePerHour(provider.PriceRequest{AcceleratorType: "H100", Count: 8, CapacityType: od, Region: "eu-north-1"})
+	if err != nil || got != 58.893 {
+		t.Fatalf("aws H100 x8 in eu-north-1 = %v, %v; want its own row, 58.893", got, err)
+	}
+	got, err = aws.PricePerHour(provider.PriceRequest{AcceleratorType: "H100", Count: 8, CapacityType: od, Region: "il-central-1"})
+	if err != nil || got != 55.040 {
+		t.Fatalf("aws H100 x8 in a region without rows = %v, %v; want the default 55.040", got, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBasePricePerHour_RegionPreference(t *testing.T) {
+	od := nebulav1alpha1.CapacityOnDemand
+	row := func(region string, price float64) provider.Offering {
+		return provider.Offering{AcceleratorType: "H100", AcceleratorID: "p5.48xlarge", GPUCount: 8,
+			CapacityType: od, PricePerHour: price, Available: true, Region: region}
+	}
+	b := Base{ProviderName: "aws", Catalog: fakeLookup{rows: []provider.Offering{
+		row("eu-west-2", 71.552), row("", 55.040), row("eu-north-1", 58.893),
+	}}}
+	for region, want := range map[string]float64{
+		"eu-north-1": 58.893, // its own row, though listed after the default
+		"eu-west-2":  71.552,
+		"us-east-2":  55.040, // no row of its own: the default
+		"":           55.040, // no region: the default, never another region's row
+	} {
+		got, err := b.PricePerHour(provider.PriceRequest{AcceleratorType: "H100", Count: 8, CapacityType: od, Region: region})
+		if err != nil || got != want {
+			t.Errorf("PricePerHour(region %q) = %v, %v; want %v", region, got, err, want)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Only other regions' rows: no price, rather than borrowing one.
+	b.Catalog = fakeLookup{rows: []provider.Offering{row("eu-west-2", 71.552)}}
+	if _, err := b.PricePerHour(provider.PriceRequest{AcceleratorType: "H100", Count: 8, CapacityType: od, Region: "us-east-2"}); !errors.Is(err, provider.ErrNoPrice) {
+		t.Errorf("PricePerHour(only another region's row) err = %v, want ErrNoPrice", err)
+	}
 }
 
 func TestOfferings_CopyIsolation(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/pkg/provider/catalog/data/aws.csv b/pkg/provider/catalog/data/aws.csv
index 8ffafd4..98499d1 100644
--- a/pkg/provider/catalog/data/aws.csv
+++ b/pkg/provider/catalog/data/aws.csv
@@ -7,52 +7,373 @@
 # serves that pair, and the AWS adapter selects it by matching BOTH the canonical
 # accelerator and the Pod's requested GPU count.
 #
-# The `region` column is left BLANK here on purpose. This file holds only the
-# durable facts — the (accelerator, count) -> instance-type mapping and a seed
-# on-demand price — one row per {accelerator, count, capacity_type}. Region truth
-# (which types a region actually offers, and live spot prices) is NOT
-# hand-maintained: AWS exposes it at runtime, so the adapter's Offerings(ctx)
-# probes DescribeInstanceTypeOfferings per configured region and stamps/filters
-# these rows. That keeps this file small and stops per-region availability from
-# drifting out of date.
+# Rows with a BLANK region are the defaults, priced at us-east-1 rates: the
+# (accelerator, count) -> instance-type mapping, plus a price for any region
+# without rows of its own. Rows with a region price that region; PricePerHour
+# prefers them over the default. Which types a region offers is not
+# hand-maintained: the adapter's Offerings(ctx) probes
+# DescribeInstanceTypeOfferings per configured region and stamps/filters these
+# rows.
 #
-# On-demand prices are approximate USD per INSTANCE-hour transcribed by hand from
-# https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/on-demand/ (us-east-1 rates as the seed);
-# treat them as a starting point, not a billing source. Spot prices vary by
-# region and minute and are left to the live probe (the seed spot rows carry a
-# recent us-east-1 typical rate only as a fallback).
+# On-demand prices are USD per INSTANCE-hour (Linux), from AWS's published
+# on-demand price list (https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/on-demand/); treat
+# them as a starting point, not a billing source. Spot prices vary by region, AZ
+# and hour, so PricePerHour prices a Spot claim at its region's live price (the
+# lowest across AZs, cached for an hour). The Spot rows here are the same figure,
+# the lowest AZ price in that region on the `updated` date, used only when the
+# live price cannot be read.
 #
 # Columns (shared header across all provider CSVs; unused cells left blank):
 #   accelerator_type  canonical Nebula accelerator type
 #   accelerator_id    EC2 instance type that serves {accelerator_type, gpu_count}
 #   gpu_count         accelerators the instance type provides (the lookup key)
 #   capacity_type     Spot | OnDemand
-#   price_per_hour    approximate USD/instance-hour (seed; live probe may override)
-#   available         seed availability (the live probe is authoritative per region)
-#   region            BLANK — stamped per configured region by the live probe
+#   price_per_hour    approximate USD/instance-hour (Spot: fallback for the live price)
+#   available         seed availability (the per-region probe is authoritative)
+#   region            the AWS region this row prices; BLANK = default for any region
 #   updated           YYYY-MM-DD the row was last verified
 accelerator_type,accelerator_id,gpu_count,capacity_type,price_per_hour,available,region,updated
-T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,OnDemand,0.526,true,,2026-09-30
-T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,Spot,0.274,true,,2026-09-30
-T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,3.912,true,,2026-09-30
-T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,Spot,1.561,true,,2026-09-30
-T4,g4dn.metal,8,OnDemand,7.824,true,,2026-09-30
-T4,g4dn.metal,8,Spot,5.683,true,,2026-09-30
-A10G,g5.xlarge,1,OnDemand,1.006,true,,2026-09-30
-A10G,g5.xlarge,1,Spot,0.466,true,,2026-09-30
-A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,5.672,true,,2026-09-30
-A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,Spot,4.576,true,,2026-09-30
-A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,16.288,true,,2026-09-30
-A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,Spot,8.402,true,,2026-09-30
-L4,g6.xlarge,1,OnDemand,0.805,true,,2026-09-30
-L4,g6.xlarge,1,Spot,0.601,true,,2026-09-30
-L4,g6.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,4.602,true,,2026-09-30
-L4,g6.12xlarge,4,Spot,3.300,true,,2026-09-30
-L4,g6.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,13.350,true,,2026-09-30
-L4,g6.48xlarge,8,Spot,8.292,true,,2026-09-30
-A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,OnDemand,21.958,true,,2026-09-30
-A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,Spot,17.861,true,,2026-09-30
-A100-80GB,p4de.24xlarge,8,OnDemand,27.447,true,,2026-09-30
-A100-80GB,p4de.24xlarge,8,Spot,21.514,true,,2026-09-30
-H100,p5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,55.040,true,,2026-09-30
-H100,p5.48xlarge,8,Spot,20.839,true,,2026-09-30
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,OnDemand,0.526,true,,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,Spot,0.297,true,,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,3.912,true,,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,Spot,1.594,true,,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,OnDemand,7.824,true,,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,Spot,4.658,true,,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,OnDemand,1.006,true,,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,Spot,0.439,true,,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,5.672,true,,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,Spot,2.471,true,,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,16.288,true,,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,Spot,4.640,true,,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.xlarge,1,OnDemand,0.805,true,,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.xlarge,1,Spot,0.487,true,,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,4.602,true,,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.12xlarge,4,Spot,1.445,true,,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,13.350,true,,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.48xlarge,8,Spot,4.435,true,,2026-10-19
+A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,OnDemand,21.958,true,,2026-10-19
+A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,Spot,16.721,true,,2026-10-19
+A100-80GB,p4de.24xlarge,8,OnDemand,27.447,true,,2026-10-19
+A100-80GB,p4de.24xlarge,8,Spot,21.387,true,,2026-10-19
+H100,p5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,55.040,true,,2026-10-19
+H100,p5.48xlarge,8,Spot,29.168,true,,2026-10-19
+
+# Per-region rows. A region without a row for an offering uses the default
+# (blank-region, us-east-1) row above.
+# us-east-2
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,OnDemand,0.526,true,us-east-2,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,Spot,0.283,true,us-east-2,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,3.912,true,us-east-2,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,Spot,1.948,true,us-east-2,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,OnDemand,7.824,true,us-east-2,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,Spot,4.066,true,us-east-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,OnDemand,1.006,true,us-east-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,Spot,0.542,true,us-east-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,5.672,true,us-east-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,Spot,2.901,true,us-east-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,16.288,true,us-east-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,Spot,7.418,true,us-east-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.xlarge,1,OnDemand,0.805,true,us-east-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.xlarge,1,Spot,0.414,true,us-east-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,4.602,true,us-east-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.12xlarge,4,Spot,2.469,true,us-east-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,13.350,true,us-east-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.48xlarge,8,Spot,6.181,true,us-east-2,2026-10-19
+A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,OnDemand,21.958,true,us-east-2,2026-10-19
+A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,Spot,4.104,true,us-east-2,2026-10-19
+H100,p5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,55.040,true,us-east-2,2026-10-19
+H100,p5.48xlarge,8,Spot,22.768,true,us-east-2,2026-10-19
+# us-west-1
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,OnDemand,0.631,true,us-west-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,Spot,0.295,true,us-west-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,4.694,true,us-west-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,Spot,2.240,true,us-west-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,OnDemand,9.389,true,us-west-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,Spot,2.015,true,us-west-1,2026-10-19
+H100,p5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,68.800,true,us-west-1,2026-10-19
+H100,p5.48xlarge,8,Spot,23.705,true,us-west-1,2026-10-19
+# us-west-2
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,OnDemand,0.526,true,us-west-2,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,Spot,0.239,true,us-west-2,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,3.912,true,us-west-2,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,Spot,1.555,true,us-west-2,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,OnDemand,7.824,true,us-west-2,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,Spot,4.548,true,us-west-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,OnDemand,1.006,true,us-west-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,Spot,0.505,true,us-west-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,5.672,true,us-west-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,Spot,1.878,true,us-west-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,16.288,true,us-west-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,Spot,4.617,true,us-west-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.xlarge,1,OnDemand,0.805,true,us-west-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.xlarge,1,Spot,0.414,true,us-west-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,4.602,true,us-west-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.12xlarge,4,Spot,3.012,true,us-west-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,13.350,true,us-west-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.48xlarge,8,Spot,5.747,true,us-west-2,2026-10-19
+A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,OnDemand,21.958,true,us-west-2,2026-10-19
+A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,Spot,12.266,true,us-west-2,2026-10-19
+A100-80GB,p4de.24xlarge,8,OnDemand,27.447,true,us-west-2,2026-10-19
+A100-80GB,p4de.24xlarge,8,Spot,15.849,true,us-west-2,2026-10-19
+H100,p5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,55.040,true,us-west-2,2026-10-19
+H100,p5.48xlarge,8,Spot,28.707,true,us-west-2,2026-10-19
+# ca-central-1
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,OnDemand,0.584,true,ca-central-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,Spot,0.226,true,ca-central-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,4.343,true,ca-central-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,Spot,1.618,true,ca-central-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,OnDemand,8.687,true,ca-central-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,Spot,4.460,true,ca-central-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,OnDemand,1.117,true,ca-central-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,Spot,0.399,true,ca-central-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,6.298,true,ca-central-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,Spot,2.029,true,ca-central-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,18.085,true,ca-central-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,Spot,18.085,true,ca-central-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.xlarge,1,OnDemand,0.894,true,ca-central-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.xlarge,1,Spot,0.181,true,ca-central-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,5.109,true,ca-central-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.12xlarge,4,Spot,5.109,true,ca-central-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,14.823,true,ca-central-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.48xlarge,8,Spot,14.823,true,ca-central-1,2026-10-19
+A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,OnDemand,25.252,true,ca-central-1,2026-10-19
+A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,Spot,11.110,true,ca-central-1,2026-10-19
+H100,p5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,63.296,true,ca-central-1,2026-10-19
+H100,p5.48xlarge,8,Spot,17.672,true,ca-central-1,2026-10-19
+# sa-east-1
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,OnDemand,0.894,true,sa-east-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,Spot,0.089,true,sa-east-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,6.649,true,sa-east-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,Spot,1.579,true,sa-east-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,OnDemand,13.298,true,sa-east-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,Spot,1.330,true,sa-east-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,OnDemand,1.710,true,sa-east-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,Spot,0.365,true,sa-east-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,9.641,true,sa-east-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,Spot,8.036,true,sa-east-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,27.686,true,sa-east-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,Spot,23.064,true,sa-east-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.xlarge,1,OnDemand,1.368,true,sa-east-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.xlarge,1,Spot,0.243,true,sa-east-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,7.822,true,sa-east-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.12xlarge,4,Spot,0.995,true,sa-east-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,22.693,true,sa-east-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.48xlarge,8,Spot,3.280,true,sa-east-1,2026-10-19
+A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,OnDemand,35.557,true,sa-east-1,2026-10-19
+A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,Spot,29.621,true,sa-east-1,2026-10-19
+H100,p5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,92.467,true,sa-east-1,2026-10-19
+H100,p5.48xlarge,8,Spot,50.433,true,sa-east-1,2026-10-19
+# eu-central-1
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,OnDemand,0.658,true,eu-central-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,Spot,0.320,true,eu-central-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,4.890,true,eu-central-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,Spot,2.021,true,eu-central-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,OnDemand,9.780,true,eu-central-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,Spot,4.446,true,eu-central-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,OnDemand,1.258,true,eu-central-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,Spot,0.594,true,eu-central-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,7.093,true,eu-central-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,Spot,2.108,true,eu-central-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,20.368,true,eu-central-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,Spot,20.368,true,eu-central-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.xlarge,1,OnDemand,1.006,true,eu-central-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.xlarge,1,Spot,0.469,true,eu-central-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,5.754,true,eu-central-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.12xlarge,4,Spot,2.835,true,eu-central-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,16.695,true,eu-central-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.48xlarge,8,Spot,4.149,true,eu-central-1,2026-10-19
+A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,OnDemand,27.433,true,eu-central-1,2026-10-19
+A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,Spot,15.729,true,eu-central-1,2026-10-19
+A100-80GB,p4de.24xlarge,8,OnDemand,34.291,true,eu-central-1,2026-10-19
+A100-80GB,p4de.24xlarge,8,Spot,12.976,true,eu-central-1,2026-10-19
+# eu-north-1
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,OnDemand,0.558,true,eu-north-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,Spot,0.077,true,eu-north-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,4.150,true,eu-north-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,Spot,0.645,true,eu-north-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,OnDemand,8.300,true,eu-north-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,Spot,1.762,true,eu-north-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,OnDemand,1.067,true,eu-north-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,Spot,0.265,true,eu-north-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,6.016,true,eu-north-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,Spot,1.190,true,eu-north-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,17.276,true,eu-north-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,Spot,3.299,true,eu-north-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.xlarge,1,OnDemand,0.854,true,eu-north-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.xlarge,1,Spot,0.150,true,eu-north-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,4.881,true,eu-north-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.12xlarge,4,Spot,1.335,true,eu-north-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,14.160,true,eu-north-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.48xlarge,8,Spot,2.545,true,eu-north-1,2026-10-19
+A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,OnDemand,23.716,true,eu-north-1,2026-10-19
+A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,Spot,7.810,true,eu-north-1,2026-10-19
+H100,p5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,58.893,true,eu-north-1,2026-10-19
+H100,p5.48xlarge,8,Spot,38.691,true,eu-north-1,2026-10-19
+# eu-west-1
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,OnDemand,0.587,true,eu-west-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,Spot,0.337,true,eu-west-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,4.362,true,eu-west-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,Spot,1.899,true,eu-west-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,OnDemand,8.724,true,eu-west-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,Spot,4.323,true,eu-west-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,OnDemand,1.123,true,eu-west-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,Spot,0.622,true,eu-west-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,6.332,true,eu-west-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,Spot,2.603,true,eu-west-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,18.182,true,eu-west-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,Spot,4.447,true,eu-west-1,2026-10-19
+A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,OnDemand,23.716,true,eu-west-1,2026-10-19
+A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,Spot,15.787,true,eu-west-1,2026-10-19
+# eu-west-2
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,OnDemand,0.615,true,eu-west-2,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,Spot,0.191,true,eu-west-2,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,4.577,true,eu-west-2,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,Spot,1.581,true,eu-west-2,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,OnDemand,9.154,true,eu-west-2,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,Spot,1.260,true,eu-west-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,OnDemand,1.277,true,eu-west-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,Spot,0.588,true,eu-west-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,7.200,true,eu-west-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,Spot,4.100,true,eu-west-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,20.676,true,eu-west-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,Spot,20.676,true,eu-west-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.xlarge,1,OnDemand,1.022,true,eu-west-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.xlarge,1,Spot,0.369,true,eu-west-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,5.841,true,eu-west-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.12xlarge,4,Spot,2.547,true,eu-west-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,16.947,true,eu-west-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.48xlarge,8,Spot,4.683,true,eu-west-2,2026-10-19
+A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,OnDemand,28.545,true,eu-west-2,2026-10-19
+A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,Spot,11.194,true,eu-west-2,2026-10-19
+H100,p5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,71.552,true,eu-west-2,2026-10-19
+H100,p5.48xlarge,8,Spot,20.340,true,eu-west-2,2026-10-19
+# eu-west-3
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,OnDemand,0.615,true,eu-west-3,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,Spot,0.188,true,eu-west-3,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,4.574,true,eu-west-3,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,Spot,1.339,true,eu-west-3,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,OnDemand,9.148,true,eu-west-3,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,Spot,3.333,true,eu-west-3,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,OnDemand,1.277,true,eu-west-3,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,Spot,0.392,true,eu-west-3,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,7.200,true,eu-west-3,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,Spot,3.864,true,eu-west-3,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,20.676,true,eu-west-3,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,Spot,20.676,true,eu-west-3,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.xlarge,1,OnDemand,1.022,true,eu-west-3,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.xlarge,1,Spot,0.355,true,eu-west-3,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,5.841,true,eu-west-3,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.12xlarge,4,Spot,1.819,true,eu-west-3,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,16.947,true,eu-west-3,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.48xlarge,8,Spot,5.268,true,eu-west-3,2026-10-19
+# ap-northeast-1
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,OnDemand,0.710,true,ap-northeast-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,Spot,0.342,true,ap-northeast-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,5.281,true,ap-northeast-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,Spot,2.631,true,ap-northeast-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,OnDemand,10.562,true,ap-northeast-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,Spot,5.407,true,ap-northeast-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,OnDemand,1.459,true,ap-northeast-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,Spot,0.708,true,ap-northeast-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,8.226,true,ap-northeast-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,Spot,5.041,true,ap-northeast-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,23.622,true,ap-northeast-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,Spot,21.260,true,ap-northeast-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.xlarge,1,OnDemand,1.167,true,ap-northeast-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.xlarge,1,Spot,0.563,true,ap-northeast-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,6.674,true,ap-northeast-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.12xlarge,4,Spot,3.071,true,ap-northeast-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,19.362,true,ap-northeast-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.48xlarge,8,Spot,8.765,true,ap-northeast-1,2026-10-19
+A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,OnDemand,30.098,true,ap-northeast-1,2026-10-19
+A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,Spot,7.065,true,ap-northeast-1,2026-10-19
+A100-80GB,p4de.24xlarge,8,OnDemand,37.622,true,ap-northeast-1,2026-10-19
+A100-80GB,p4de.24xlarge,8,Spot,14.447,true,ap-northeast-1,2026-10-19
+H100,p5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,68.800,true,ap-northeast-1,2026-10-19
+H100,p5.48xlarge,8,Spot,25.740,true,ap-northeast-1,2026-10-19
+# ap-northeast-2
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,OnDemand,0.647,true,ap-northeast-2,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,Spot,0.316,true,ap-northeast-2,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,4.812,true,ap-northeast-2,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,Spot,2.454,true,ap-northeast-2,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,OnDemand,9.624,true,ap-northeast-2,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,Spot,4.331,true,ap-northeast-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,OnDemand,1.237,true,ap-northeast-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,Spot,0.567,true,ap-northeast-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,6.974,true,ap-northeast-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,Spot,3.498,true,ap-northeast-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,20.028,true,ap-northeast-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,Spot,9.492,true,ap-northeast-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.xlarge,1,OnDemand,0.990,true,ap-northeast-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.xlarge,1,Spot,0.456,true,ap-northeast-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,5.658,true,ap-northeast-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.12xlarge,4,Spot,2.581,true,ap-northeast-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,16.416,true,ap-northeast-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.48xlarge,8,Spot,7.420,true,ap-northeast-2,2026-10-19
+A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,OnDemand,30.410,true,ap-northeast-2,2026-10-19
+A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,Spot,8.978,true,ap-northeast-2,2026-10-19
+H100,p5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,75.955,true,ap-northeast-2,2026-10-19
+H100,p5.48xlarge,8,Spot,62.219,true,ap-northeast-2,2026-10-19
+# ap-northeast-3
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,OnDemand,0.710,true,ap-northeast-3,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,Spot,0.197,true,ap-northeast-3,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,5.281,true,ap-northeast-3,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,Spot,1.389,true,ap-northeast-3,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,OnDemand,10.562,true,ap-northeast-3,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,Spot,4.026,true,ap-northeast-3,2026-10-19
+# ap-south-1
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,OnDemand,0.579,true,ap-south-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,Spot,0.213,true,ap-south-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,4.306,true,ap-south-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,Spot,1.770,true,ap-south-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,OnDemand,8.612,true,ap-south-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,Spot,2.677,true,ap-south-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,OnDemand,1.208,true,ap-south-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,Spot,0.555,true,ap-south-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,6.811,true,ap-south-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,Spot,1.987,true,ap-south-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,19.559,true,ap-south-1,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,Spot,8.952,true,ap-south-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.xlarge,1,OnDemand,0.966,true,ap-south-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.xlarge,1,Spot,0.528,true,ap-south-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,5.526,true,ap-south-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.12xlarge,4,Spot,2.369,true,ap-south-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,16.031,true,ap-south-1,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.48xlarge,8,Spot,16.031,true,ap-south-1,2026-10-19
+A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,OnDemand,26.344,true,ap-south-1,2026-10-19
+A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,Spot,26.344,true,ap-south-1,2026-10-19
+H100,p5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,66.048,true,ap-south-1,2026-10-19
+H100,p5.48xlarge,8,Spot,21.223,true,ap-south-1,2026-10-19
+# ap-southeast-1
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,OnDemand,0.736,true,ap-southeast-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,Spot,0.316,true,ap-southeast-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,5.474,true,ap-southeast-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,Spot,1.716,true,ap-southeast-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,OnDemand,10.948,true,ap-southeast-1,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,Spot,3.313,true,ap-southeast-1,2026-10-19
+A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,OnDemand,26.349,true,ap-southeast-1,2026-10-19
+A100-80GB,p4de.24xlarge,8,OnDemand,32.936,true,ap-southeast-1,2026-10-19
+A100-80GB,p4de.24xlarge,8,Spot,32.937,true,ap-southeast-1,2026-10-19
+# ap-southeast-2
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,OnDemand,0.684,true,ap-southeast-2,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.xlarge,1,Spot,0.268,true,ap-southeast-2,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,5.087,true,ap-southeast-2,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.12xlarge,4,Spot,2.111,true,ap-southeast-2,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,OnDemand,10.174,true,ap-southeast-2,2026-10-19
+T4,g4dn.metal,8,Spot,4.837,true,ap-southeast-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,OnDemand,1.308,true,ap-southeast-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.xlarge,1,Spot,0.663,true,ap-southeast-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,7.375,true,ap-southeast-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.12xlarge,4,Spot,7.375,true,ap-southeast-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,21.178,true,ap-southeast-2,2026-10-19
+A10G,g5.48xlarge,8,Spot,21.178,true,ap-southeast-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.xlarge,1,OnDemand,1.046,true,ap-southeast-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.xlarge,1,Spot,0.556,true,ap-southeast-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.12xlarge,4,OnDemand,5.983,true,ap-southeast-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.12xlarge,4,Spot,0.598,true,ap-southeast-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,17.358,true,ap-southeast-2,2026-10-19
+L4,g6.48xlarge,8,Spot,2.797,true,ap-southeast-2,2026-10-19
+A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,OnDemand,28.545,true,ap-southeast-2,2026-10-19
+A100-40GB,p4d.24xlarge,8,Spot,12.890,true,ap-southeast-2,2026-10-19
+H100,p5.48xlarge,8,OnDemand,71.552,true,ap-southeast-2,2026-10-19
+H100,p5.48xlarge,8,Spot,26.005,true,ap-southeast-2,2026-10-19
diff --git a/pkg/provider/pricing.go b/pkg/provider/pricing.go
index 64b2252..1ee5362 100644
--- a/pkg/provider/pricing.go
+++ b/pkg/provider/pricing.go
@@ -49,8 +49,12 @@ type PriceRequest struct {
 	// matched row's GPUCount rather than hardcoded per provider — see Offering.GPUCount.
 	Count int32
 	// CapacityType selects between a row's Spot and OnDemand prices, which differ
-	// sharply (AWS p5.48xlarge: $20.839 Spot vs $55.040 OnDemand).
+	// sharply (AWS p5.48xlarge in us-east-1: about $29.17 Spot vs $55.040 OnDemand).
 	CapacityType nebulav1alpha1.CapacityType
+	// Region is where the instance runs (NodeClaim.Spec.Region), in the provider's own
+	// vocabulary. Empty when unknown or when the provider has no region axis. Only a provider
+	// whose price varies by region reads it (AWS Spot, priced live per region).
+	Region string
 	// CPUCores (vCPUs) and MemoryMiB are the workload's priced size (see util.PodReservation),
 	// priced only by providers that meter them apart from the accelerator.
 	CPUCores  float64